Cognitive behavioral therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. It is based on the idea that many psychological problems arise from faulty thinking, and that our thoughts determine our feelings and behaviors. The goal of CBT is to identify harmful thought patterns and replace them with healthier ones in order to alleviate emotional stress and better cope with challenging situations. Cognitive behavioral therapy differs from other types of talk therapy in that it is goal-oriented and focused on problem solving in the here and now. CBT is helpful in treating a range of issues, such as procrastination, sleep problems, and relationship difficulties. It has also proven effective in the treatment of depression, anxiety, substance use disorders, and other mental health conditions.  

We interact with the world through the way we think about it. When our thoughts and interpretations are negative or skewed in some way, it causes emotional distress and leads to behavioral patterns that reinforce the cycle of negativity.

For example, when faced with a challenge, one person may automatically think, “Everything is going to be ok. I can handle this.” Another may think, “I’ll never make it. Why does this always happen to me?” The first person is more likely to have a positive emotional experience (optimism feels good) and take actions that confirm their ability to handle tough situations.  The second person is more likely to experience emotional distress that leads them to give up or otherwise sabotage their ability to complete the task, thereby reinforcing the idea that they are incapable.  

Similarly, the behaviors we engage in also affect our thoughts and emotions.  Binge drinking for example, can result in feelings of shame and symptoms of depression, which may then lead a person to drink more in order to avoid those feelings. 

Cognitive behavioral therapy works by increasing awareness of one’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and, when necessary, modifying them for a more positive emotional experience and healthier outcomes. 

CBT is a structured and goal-oriented form of therapy that focuses on the patient’s personal goals. The cognitive behavioral therapist presents specific lessons, concepts, and techniques in each session to help the patient reach those goals. The particular strategies used in treatment are based on the needs of the individual. Some common CBT techniques include:

• Exposure therapy, which can help people overcome the anxiety and fear associated with PTSD and phobias. 
• Behavioral activation strategies are used to help increase engagement in activities that improve the person’s mood and feelings of wellbeing.
• Mindfulness incorporates meditation and breathing exercises that can help symptom management in people with anxiety, depression, and addiction.
• Assertiveness training can be an effective treatment for social anxiety, depression, and issues with unexpressed anger. 

These and other CBT methods are aimed at breaking down problems into smaller, more manageable parts in order to stop negative cycles and improve the patient’s sense of wellbeing on a daily basis. CBT provides fairly rapid results; benefits are often seen within a few weeks.